Gastric Sleeve

What Is Gastric Sleeve Surgery?

Gastric sleeve surgery, also known as sleeve gastrectomy, is a type of bariatric (weight loss) surgery designed to help individuals with obesity achieve significant and long-term weight loss. During the procedure, approximately 75–80% of the stomach is removed, leaving a narrow, tube-shaped stomach about the size of a banana.

This smaller stomach limits the amount of food you can eat and reduces the production of ghrelin, the hormone responsible for hunger, helping patients feel full sooner and eat less.

Gastric sleeve surgery promotes weight loss through two main mechanisms:

1. RestrictionThe reduced stomach size limits food intake.

2. Hormonal ChangesRemoval of the stomach portion that produces ghrelin decreases hunger and appetite.

Unlike gastric bypass surgery, the intestines are not rerouted, making gastric sleeve surgery less complex and reducing the risk of nutrient malabsorption.

Who Is a Candidate for Gastric Sleeve Surgery?

You may qualify for gastric sleeve surgery if you meet the following criteria:

• Body Mass Index (BMI) of 40 or higher

• BMI of 35 or higher with obesity-related conditions such as:

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • High blood pressure

  • Sleep apnea

  • Heart disease

• History of unsuccessful weight loss through diet and exercise

• Commitment to long-term lifestyle and dietary changes

A comprehensive medical evaluation is required to determine eligibility.

Benefits of Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Gastric sleeve surgery offers numerous physical and health-related benefits, including:

• Significant and sustained weight loss

• Improvement or resolution of obesity-related conditions

• Reduced appetite and cravings

• No intestinal rerouting

• Shorter surgery time compared to other bariatric procedures

• Improved mobility, energy levels, and quality of life

Many patients lose 60–70% of excess body weight within 12–18 months.

Risks and Potential Complications

As with any surgical procedure, gastric sleeve surgery carries some risks, including:

• Bleeding or infection

• Blood clots

• Staple line leaks

• Acid reflux or GERD

• Nutritional deficiencies (less common than bypass)

• Temporary nausea or vomiting

Choosing an experienced bariatric surgeon and following post-operative guidelines significantly reduces complications.

Preparing for Gastric Sleeve Surgery

Preparation typically includes:

• Medical exams and lab tests

• Nutritional counseling

• Psychological evaluation

• Pre-operative diet (usually 1–2 weeks)

• Smoking cessation

• Weight loss goals before surgery

Following preparation instructions helps reduce surgical risks and improves outcomes.

The Gastric Sleeve Surgery Procedure

The procedure is usually performed laparoscopically, using small incisions.

Step-by-Step:

1. The surgeon inserts laparoscopic instruments

2. A large portion of the stomach is removed

3. The remaining stomach is sealed with staples

4. Surgery typically lasts 60–90 minutes

5. Hospital stay is usually 1–2 days

   Recovery After Gastric Sleeve Surgery

   Short-Term Recovery:

   • Walking begins the same day as surgery

   • Liquid diet for the first 1–2 weeks

   • Mild pain and fatigue are common

   Long-Term Recovery:

   • Gradual return to normal activities in 2–4 weeks

   • Full recovery in 6–8 weeks

   • Ongoing nutritional monitoring

     Weight Loss Timeline and Results

     • 1 Month: 15–25 lbs lost

     • 3 Months: Significant appetite reduction

     • 6 Months: 40–50% excess weight loss

     • 12–18 Months: Peak weight loss achieved

     Results depend on diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes.